The differences between a wide-angle lens and an ultra-wide lens:

1. Wide-Angle Lens:

   • Field of View (FOV): A wide-angle lens captures a broader field of view compared to a standard lens. It allows you to fit more into the frame, making it ideal for landscapes, architecture, and group shots.
   • Focal Length: Wide-angle lenses typically have a focal length between 24mm and 35mm (on a full-frame camera). They are wider than the standard 50mm lens.
   • Distortion: Wide-angle lenses can introduce some distortion, especially at the edges of the frame. This can create a sense of depth and exaggerate perspective.
   • Use Cases: Great for capturing expansive scenes, tight spaces, and emphasizing foreground elements.

2. Ultra-Wide Lens:

   • FOV: An ultra-wide lens goes even wider than a standard wide-angle lens. It provides an extremely expansive view, often approaching or exceeding 100 degrees.
   • Focal Length: Ultra-wide lenses typically have a focal length below 24mm (on a full-frame camera). Some smartphones even offer focal lengths as low as 12mm.
   • Minimal Distortion: While there can still be some distortion, modern ultra-wide lenses are designed to minimize it. They maintain straight lines better than older wide-angle lenses.
   • Use Cases: Perfect for dramatic landscapes, architectural interiors, and creative compositions. Also useful for capturing action shots up close.

In summary, wide-angle lenses strike a balance between a standard lens and an ultra-wide lens, while ultra-wide lenses push the boundaries of what you can capture in a single frame. Both have their unique applications, and the choice depends on your creative intent and the scene you’re photographing.